Unveiling the Enigma of Neanderthals: A Journey Through Prehistoric Time

 

Introduction

In the annals of human history, the Neanderthals remain one of the most enigmatic and fascinating species to have ever walked the Earth. As our closest ancient relatives, their story is an integral part of understanding our own origins and evolution. The discovery of Neanderthal fossils at various archaeological sites has provided invaluable insights into their lives, culture, and interactions with other early hominids. In this exclusive article, we embark on a journey through prehistoric time to shed light on the extraordinary Neanderthals and the secrets their fossils have revealed.

Neanderthal Fossils: A Glimpse into the Past 

Neanderthals, Homo neanderthalensis, inhabited Europe and parts of Asia between approximately 400,000 and 40,000 years ago during the Middle to Late Pleistocene epoch. The first Neanderthal fossil discovery dates back to the early 19th century when a partial skull was unearthed in the Neander Valley of Germany. Over the years, many more sites have been explored, unearthing a wealth of evidence that has reshaped our understanding of these ancient beings.  

La Chapelle-aux-Saints, France

One of the earliest significant Neanderthal fossil discoveries occurred in 1908 at La Chapelle-aux-Saints in France. This site revealed the near-complete skeleton of an elderly male Neanderthal, affectionately nicknamed "Old Man." The well-preserved bones provided invaluable information about Neanderthal anatomy and physiology. Studies of his remains indicated that Neanderthals had a robust build, thick bones, and a life expectancy similar to early modern humans.

Shanidar Cave, Iraq

Shanidar Cave in Iraq is another crucial site that has yielded several Neanderthal remains. Among the findings was the "Shanidar 1" individual, who sparked debates among paleoanthropologists. Analysis of his skeletal injuries suggested that Neanderthals cared for their injured and elderly, highlighting their potential compassion and social complexity.

El Sidrón Cave, Spain

In El Sidrón Cave, Spain, a remarkable discovery took place in 1994 when the partial remains of at least 13 Neanderthal individuals were found. This finding provided valuable genetic information. Researchers successfully extracted ancient DNA from the fossils, shedding light on Neanderthal genetic traits and their relation to modern humans.

Denisova Cave, Siberia

While primarily known for the enigmatic Denisovans, the Denisova Cave in Siberia also revealed evidence of Neanderthal occupation. The discovery of a toe bone belonging to a young Neanderthal girl allowed scientists to extract mitochondrial DNA, aiding in our understanding of the genetic diversity and interactions between different hominid groups.

Gibraltar's Gorham's Cave Complex

Gorham's Cave Complex in Gibraltar is the last known site where Neanderthals lived before their ultimate disappearance. Excavations at this site have provided evidence of their advanced tool-making skills and sophisticated cognitive abilities, challenging long-standing stereotypes about their intelligence.

Interbreeding with Modern Humans

One of the most groundbreaking revelations from Neanderthal fossils is the evidence of interbreeding between Neanderthals and early modern humans. Genetic studies have shown that non-African populations today carry traces of Neanderthal DNA, indicating that ancient interbreeding occurred, and our ancestors shared more than just a passing acquaintance with these fascinating beings.  

Conclusion

The study of Neanderthal fossils at various archaeological sites has profoundly impacted our understanding of prehistoric times and the story of human evolution. These ancient beings, with their unique culture, physical prowess, and surprising compassion, have shown us that our ancient relatives were not so different from us after all. As the search for more fossils and evidence continues, the secrets of the Neanderthals may continue to unravel, enriching our knowledge of the distant past and revealing the remarkable journey of humanity through time.

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Small coins of one rupee coin, & others

Fare from Sinthi Morh to my house goli is 10/-, by auto. When it was launched about 25 years ago today Then there was stage wise rent.1.50/- upto Baranagar Bazar and 2/- to  Sinthi Morh. I Can't remember, maybe 2.50/- it was. Now,  uniform fare is fixed - ten rupees. The total road length is a few hundred meters more than two kilometers.

A strange experience happened in that auto today. I had a lot of change in my pocket, after buying medicine. After purchasing from Asimda's store at Sinthi Morh. Against the purchase of injections of vitamin B-12, just like other vitamin shots, he rained down all the retails. I was not worried - it will be convenient to pay in auto rickshaw.
But then what else did I know, this is the Tagore's "country of cards". Everyone is king here. I handed over eight coins to the pilot while sitting in the car. Two are two rupees and six are one rupee coins. He returned all immediately. Six coins of 1/- should not be given. I could take three at most.
I'm surprised! I asked him to know, why. Has this coin been closed by the government, or has a limit been set?
No, none of that - we don't take more than three, in this line.
Why not take? While, You can take three, and where is the difficulty in taking three more?
No, no we don't, no one does. You give elsewhere, they won't take it either.
But what is the reason for not taking this, tell me? Aren't these fair bucks?
I don't know that, I won't take it.  Show it to someone, if he takes it, I'll take it too.
Who introduced this rule? Your union?
I don't know, not more than 3 smaller coins are taken.
We are all kings in the king's reign.
( Country of cards' song by Tagore)
I try to think deeply about the incident, for rest of the road, what could be the reason behind it? Other times, I often see a boy or a girl, from the poor house, come to a sweet shop, or a drug store, or a drink shop, wuth a plastic bag, and stand up. Kaku, it has a hundred. Silently changing hands, two fifties or a whole sheet come out of the drawer, to the retail importer. I have even seen auto guys doing this exchange, tied all retails  in handkerchiefs.
Money is Maa-lakshmi - ever fickle. She has to accept change of hand and change of pocket throughout the day. In the present critical situation of our country, Maa Lakshmi is even more volatile.If there is a small number of people who are constantly minting these small single coins day after day, which are in circulation, but nobody is using them, then how will the governor of the Reserve Bank comes to know, account for the large amount of money that is being wasted? How will this deficiency be adjusted? With tax increase or GST, or by increasing toll tax? It is not only just three coins of one rupee, but if it averages 200 coins throughout the day, it is Rs.6000 per month. 72000 per annum. Assuming only fifty autos run on this line, then the amount stands at Rs 36,00,000.
Got a guess? It's just one route of autorickshaw's calculations, more or less. Trips increase during festivals. I did not consider those. There are at least 70-80 auto-toto routes in Baranagar area alone. There are also three-wheeled pedaled rickshaws. If we calculate the seventy routes, then this unutilized amount comes to Rs. 252,000,000 (Two fifty two lakh)!!

Now think once, my friends - are we really a responsible citizen of the country? Agreeing with whims and wishes of auto richshaw drivers, even though the fair given to them is valid and under uses by the Government of India. These unused coins might be collected or gathered or purchased by some street smart, politically supported goon. Within a year or two, he will be able to misutilise this money in any sort of hideous jobs, who knows?

 

Report on Recent Vandalism at Niamatpur Hindu Temple, Brahmanbaria, Bangladesh, by Khalil Mia

 Introduction

This report provides an overview of the recent vandalism incident that occurred at the Niamatpur Hindu Temple in Bragmanbaria, Bangladesh. The incident involves a Muslim individual named Khalil Mia, who was allegedly responsible for causing significant damage to the religious site. The purpose of this report is to present a factual account of the incident and its aftermath.

Incident Details
Date of Vandalism: [21.7.23] Location: Niamatpur Hindu Temple, Bragmanbaria, Bangladesh.
Perpetrator: Khalil Mia (Name confirmed by authorities) Religious Affiliation: Muslim

According to eyewitness accounts and local authorities, on the aforementioned date, Khalil Mia, a Muslim individual from the nearby area, was seen entering the Niamatpur Hindu Temple. He was allegedly carrying a bag containing objects, which appeared to be used to cause damage.

Vandalism Description
Upon entering the Niamatpur Hindu Temple premises, Khalil Mia proceeded to vandalize various religious symbols and structures within the temple. The vandalism included:

a. Desecration of Statues: Several statues of Hindu deities were found damaged and defaced. The faces and limbs of the idols were intentionally broken, causing immense distress to the local Hindu community.

b. Destruction of Offerings: Khalil Mia reportedly destroyed offerings and religious items left by temple-goers, further exacerbating the desecration of the sacred space.

c. Graffiti and Hate Speech: Hate speech and derogatory slogans were found spray-painted on the temple walls, indicating a deliberate attempt to incite religious tension and animosity.

Response and Arrest
Local residents and temple authorities discovered the vandalism shortly after it occurred and immediately reported the incident to the local police. Law enforcement authorities promptly launched an investigation, which led to the identification and subsequent arrest of Khalil Mia as the primary suspect.

Community Reactions
The incident has understandably caused deep distress and anger among the local Hindu community in Niamatpur and neighboring areas. Community leaders, religious organizations, and human rights activists have condemned the act of vandalism and called for unity and mutual respect among different religious groups.

Legal Proceedings
Khalil Mia is currently in police custody, and legal proceedings are underway. He is expected to face charges related to religious desecration, property damage, and incitement of religious hatred, among others. The severity of these charges highlights the gravity of the offense and the need to address such incidents firmly to ensure communal harmony and respect for religious diversity in Bangladesh.

Government Response
The Bangladeshi government has taken note of the incident and assured the affected community of its commitment to upholding religious freedom and protecting places of worship. Authorities have promised a fair and transparent investigation, followed by appropriate legal action against the perpetrator.

Conclusion
The Niamatpur Hindu Temple vandalism incident by Khalil Mia represents a concerning violation of religious harmony and tolerance in Bangladesh. Such acts of religious intolerance and hatred have no place in a diverse and pluralistic society. It is essential for authorities and communities alike to work together to prevent and respond to such incidents, promoting mutual respect and understanding among different religious groups for a harmonious coexistence in the nation.

Cause
This incidence of vegnance and shear enmity was the result of a quarrel. Khalil Mia came to Niyamatpur at his relative's house on social visit. There, with another local man,  probably from other community, he entangled with normal quarreling - which burst into a big issue. The dialects during the illfated quarrelling is not come out, naturally. But, at a point of no return in the quarrel, Khalil took the ultimate steps to release his anger and hatred, by demolishing, temple murtis of Ma Durga and her associates.
This sort of incidences are quite often in the muslim state of Bangladesh, where Hindus are minorities.
The long term and full & final solution is immediately required, but no Govt is intetested or remain very casual in their approach.
I totally condemn the incident.